Interview Questions on Networking, Part 2
What are the commonly used routing protocols?
Routers add entries to routing table with the help of routing protocols. The commonly used routing protocols are,
Routing Information Protocol(RIP):-
It is used to advertise the current status and information in the routing table, including the routes to the rest of the routers in every 30 seconds.
Open Shortest Path First(OSPF):-
It is used to determine the shortest path, otherwise known as the lowest cost path among the nodes of different networks.
What is a routing table?
A routing table contains the path information for data data packets to reach a particular inter-network. Basically this table consists of the following information,
Network ID, Subnet Mask, Gateway Address, Interface(port), and netric(hops or number of gaps between two internetworking devices).
Routers add entries to routing table with the help of routing protocols.
What is attenuation?
Attenuation is the degeneration or weakening of a signal over distance on a network cable. To avoid attenuation amplifiers or repeaters and short cables are used.
What is TCB(Transmission Control Block)?
A TCB is a complex data structure that contains informations about each connection.
What is silly window syndrome?
It is a problem that can affect TCP performance. This problem occurs when data are passed to the sending TCP entity in large blocks, but an interactive application on the receiving side reads only 1 byte at a time.
What is Beaconing?
The process that allows a network to self-repair networks problems is called Beaconing.
The stations on the network notify the other stations on the ring when they are not receiving the transmissions. Beaconing is used in Token ring and FDDI(Fibre Distributed Data Interface) networks.
Interview Questions on Networking
What are the factors that affect the performance of NIC?
The following factors affect the performance of NIC,
Bus Speed :- It depends on ISA or PCI slot. PCI has higher speed.
Memory :- More the memory, better the performance.
Memory Access Method :- DMA is faster than I/O method.
What is datagram in a TCP/IP network?
At the network layer of TCP/IP model the data unit created is called the 'datagram '.
ST connectors or SMA connectors are used with which type of cable?
NOTE: This is objective type question, Please click question title for correct answer.
What is a Passive Hub?
Passive hub is a type of hub that do not provide the amplification of signals.
These hub also do not require any external electrical supply.
What are different switching methods used by a switch to send data?
Switch adopts two methods for sending data,
Cut Through Switching:-
In this method of switching data frames are send to the destination computer without error and integrity checking.
Store and Forward Switching:-
In this method the switch sends the data frames after receiving all the frames well as after error and integrity checking.
Software Testing – Quality Assurance Interview Questions
What is Gray-box testing?
Gray-box testing is the combination of White-box and Black-box
Difference between blackbox testing and whitebox testing
Black box testing - Testing a system without having specific knowledge .
whitebox testing - Testing a system with knowing the internal logic.
What isWhite box testing?
White box testing is opposite to Black box it requires internal know how of how the logic flows. As this testing needs know how of the internal structure it can only be done programmers. Unit testing is one of the ways of doing White box testing in which programmers use NUNIT or JNUIT to test each class individually. White box testing can be done by programmer by either stepping through the code or testing the classes and components in isolation.
What is black box testing
Black box testing is also termed as functional testing. It ignores how the internal
functionality of a system works and depends only what are the outputs on specified
inputs. Source code availability is not an important in back box testing. Black box testing is mostly to ensure that it meets the user functionality.
Interview Questions on Software Testing
Through Defect Measurement what are all the factors are measured?
1) Efficiency of developer
2) Efficiency of tester
3) Whether the progress is in gear?
What is Defect Measurement?
Defect Measurement is a process for analyzing the efficiency of developer and tester and the process on the base of the bug details collected from one
project.
What is Performance Testing?
Testing conducted to evaluate the compliance of a system or component with specified performance requirements. Often this is performed using an automated test tool to simulate large number of users. Also know as "Load Testing".
What is Integration Testing?
Testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. Usually performed after unit and functional testing. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems.
What is Cause Effect Graph?
A graphical representation of inputs and the associated outputs effects which can be used to design test cases.
What is CMM?
The Capability Maturity Model for Software (CMM or SW-CMM) is a model for judging the maturity of the software processes of an organization and for identifying the key practices that are required to increase the maturity of these processes.
What is Boundary Testing?
Test which focus on the boundary or limit conditions of the software being tested.
What is Bottom Up Testing?
An approach to integration testing where the lowest level components are tested first, then used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. The process is repeated until the component at the top of the hierarchy is tested.
Define Trace Switches
Define Trace Switches.
Trace switches are used to configure tracing behavior.
There are two kinds of trace switches: BooleanSwitch and TraceSwitch.
BooleanSwitch: It is either on or off.
TraceSwitch : It has property to determine trace behaviour.
Trace switches can be configured through application's .config file even after the application is compiled.
What are Trace switches?
Trace switches are used to enable, disable and filter the tracing output. They are objects can be configured through the .config file.
Explain how to implement properties.
You can either use fields or property procedure to add properties.
It is convenient to use fields when the values associated with the properties are less in number. eg: boolean which can have only two values associated with it.
If property procedure has to be used to add a property, then three steps need to be followed:
- Declare a private variable to store the value of the property
- Write a get procedure to retrieve the value of the variable and
- Write a set procedure to set the value of the variable.
