Interview Tips Interview Tips, Interview Questions and Answers

4Jul/100

Describe the differences between XML and HTML.

It’s amazing how many developers claim to be proficient programming
with XML, yet do not understand the basic differences between XML
and HTML. Anyone with a fundamental grasp of XML should be able
describe some of the main differences outlined in the table below.

XML
User definable tags

Content driven
End tags required for well formed documents
Quotes required around attributes values
Slash required in empty tags

HTML
Defined set of tags designed for web display

Format driven
End tags not required
Quotes not required
Slash not required

12Apr/100

asp.net interview questions on cookie

The cookie object is the essence of any interview, be it ASP NET interview or Java interview or PHP interview.
Cookie - A cookie is a piece of data that is stored on a user's browser. Thus, a cookie does not use any server memory. It is actually a small text file which is created by the broswer on the hard disk of the user. It is actually a piece of information in the form of text strings. A web server sends a cookie to a user (client browser) and then the browser stores it.
A cookie is used to store information of a user & information about a user's preferences. How does the cookie works? - When a user visits a site, say www.amazon.com, and creates a profile out there, the server sends an ID (basically an ID to track this user) and saves the ID through the user's browser in the form of a cookie on the user's system. When the user revisits this site, the website tracks the user's system for the existence of any cookie, and in case it finds a cookie, it customizes the site based on the user's settings and preferences.
Now lets talk about how to create a cookie in ASP.NET. It is pretty simple. There is a class in the System.Web namespace by the name HttpCookie. This class may be used to easily create a cookie on the user's system. Below is a code sample on how to use a cookie in ASP.NET ...

//Creating a cookie HttpCookie sampleCookie = new HttpCookie("UserColorSetting");
sampleCookie.Values.Add("Background", txtBackgroundColor.Text);
sampleCookie.Expires = #12/31/2010#; Response.Cookies.Add(sampleCookie);
//Getting a cookie value from the user's computer
String sGetCookie;
sGetCookie = Request.Cookies("UserColorSetting")("Background").ToString();

Limitations of Cookies - Cookies are meant for infrequent storage of small pieces of information. They are not meant as a normal communication or mechanism. Note that web browsers are not required to save more than 300 cookies total, nor more than 20 cookies per web server (for the entire server, not just for the page or site on the server), nor to retain more than 4 kilobytes of data per cookie (both name and value count towards this 4 kilobyte limit). The biggest limitation of these is the 20 cookies per server limit, and so it is not a good idea to use a different cookie for each variable that has to be saved. Rather save a single cookie containing a lot of information.

23Mar/100

Data Dictionary Queries for SQL Server

--Finding all details of Primary Key constraint
select * from sysobjectswhere xtype='PK'

--Finding all details of Foreign Key constraint
select * from sysobjectswhere xtype='F'

--Finding all User-Defined objects (tables, etc)
select * from sysobjectswhere xtype='U'

--Finding all System objects
select * from sysobjectswhere xtype='S'

--Finding all user names
select * from sysusers

--Finding Column Names of Particular Table
--Select Pubs Database
select c.name from sysobjects o, syscolumns cwhere o.id = c.id ando.name = 'publishers'

12Mar/100

simple C# interview question that most developer fails

How do you define a property read only for the outside world and writable for the same assembly classes?

For example I have a class named User where everyone outside the assembly can read the string ‘Name’ property but cannot set it. However the classes inside the assembly is able to set the property.  I am further detailing the exlanation.

User myUser = SomeClass.GetUser();

// OK for all classes since all can read it
string name = myUser.Name;   

// This line does not compile if this code is
// written in a class that is not in the same
// assembly as the type User. But it compiles
// if the code is written in the same assembly
// that contains the type user.
myUser.Name = "C# Developer";

Answer:

Now all I want is the c# code declaration for the property name that matches my requirement of being read only for the outside world. Write it in the comments section. I will answer the question 24 hours from now.

17Feb/100

ASP.NET Interview Questions: Different States in ASP.NET

You can see that a browser on the client side requests a page from the web server. After processing the request and returning the page, the server drops the connection. Then. if the browser makes another request the server has no way to associate the browser with the previous request. So HTTP is called as a stateless protocol. But ASP.NET provides several ways to maintain the state.

View State

View state is used to maintain the values of server control properties. AS ASP.NET implements view state by default you need not to write any special code to use it.

Session State

Session state is used to maintain data between execution of an application. For this, ASP.NET creates a session state object that is kept on the server whenever a user starts a new session. The session state object contain unique session ID, and this ID is sent back and forth between the server and browser each time the user request a page. Then when the server receives a new request from the user, it can retrive the right session state object for that user. You can add data items to the session object in your code, so there previous values are available each time a web form is executed.

Application State

ASP.NET provides an application state object to save application state data, which applies to all the users of an application. You can use application state object to manage global counters to maintain a list of users who are currently logged on to an application.

Profile

ASP.NET also provides profile feature to keep track of user data. Although a profile is similar to session state object, it persists between user session as it is stored in a database. For example we can use profiles we can keep track of the products ordered by an user in an shopping application and when the user starts a new session, you can display those products in a "ordered items" listbox. 

22Dec/090

ASP.NET Interview Questions on Database Administrator

Why is "Connecting to SQL Server using Integrated Security" considered a best practice?
Connecting to SQL Server using integrated security instead of using an explicit user name and password, helps avoid the possibility of the connection string being compromised and your user ID and password being exposed.

What are the best practices to follow to secure connection strings in an ASP.NET web application?
1. Always store connection strings in the site's Web.config file. Web.config is very secure. Users will not be able to access web.config from the browser.
2. Do not store connection strings as plain text. To help keep the connection to your database server secure, it is recommended that you encrypt connection string information in the configuration file.
3. Never store connection strings in an aspx page.
4. Never set connection strings as declarative properties of the SqlDataSource control or other data source controls.

What is Script injection?
A script injection attack attempts to send executable script to your application with the intent of having other users run it. A typical script injection attack sends script to a page that stores the script in a database, so that another user who views the data inadvertently runs the code.

What is the advantage of storing an XML file in the applications App_Data folder? The contents of the App_Data folder will not be returned in response to direct HTTP requests.

What is SQL injection?
A SQL injection attack attempts to compromise your database by creating SQL commands that are executed instead of, or in addition to, the commands that you have built into your application.

What are the best practices to keep in mind when accepting user input on a web application?
1.
Always use validation controls whenever possible to limit user input to acceptable values.
2. Always check the IsValid property of the aspx page. Run the server side code only if the IsValid property value is true. A value of false means that one or more validation controls have failed a validation check.
3. Always perform server side validation irrespective of client side validation being performed or not. This will protect your web application even if the client has by passed the client side validation by disabling javascript in the web browser.
4. Also make sure to re validate user input in the business logic layer of your application.

What are the steps to follow to avoid SQL Injection attacks?
Always use parameterized queries or stored procedures instead of creating SQL commands by concatenating strings together.

What are the steps to follow to avoid Script Injection attacks?
1.
Encode user input with the HtmlEncode method. This method turns HTML into its text representation.
2. If you are using the GridView control with bound fields, set the BoundField object's HtmlEncode property to true. This causes the GridView control to encode user input when the row is in edit mode.

Can you encrypt view state data of an aspx page?
Yes, you encrypt view state data of an aspx page by setting the page's ViewStateEncryptionMode property to true.